Scientific Journal of Space Management and Space Economy

FABRICATION OF RAINWATER HARVESTING FILTER WITH FOG COLLECTOR FOR CLEAN WATER HARVESTING IN VILLAGES

Tze Ching Ong — 2023-12-31

Safe and clean water is essential for public health, whether it is used as drinking water, domestic usage, food production, irrigation, or for recreational purposes. Rainwater harvesting and fog collecting are integrated environment-friendly systems to produce renewable feedstock or water supply in the efforts to help reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Most of the villages in Kuching, Sarawak are supplied with water tanks to harvest the rainwater from the roof by collecting the rainwater in gutters. Therefore, the rainwater may be contaminated with residues such as dry leaves, rotting leaves, dead plants, twigs and others. Rainwater harvesting can be problematic, particularly within the dry season, although there might be a significant amount of fog in the mountainous areas of the country. Hence, this project aims to fabricate a rainwater filter integrated with a fog collector to obtain clean water. The system can channel up to 90% of rainwater into the storage tank. The system consists of a self-designed and 3D-printed body with a mesh filtration tube as the core to collect large residues before the rainwater drops into the storage tank. Meanwhile, the fog collector works to capture water from the ambient using the concept of a fog harp utilizing vertical parallel wires. In the post-testing, it is found that the system was able to channel up to 92.6% of water. Meanwhile, the fog collector was able to accumulate 485ml volume of water for 5 days period at Kampung Duyoh hilltop village. It is also noted that the system is relatively easy to operate, requires low maintenance, and has a reasonable cost. In the end, the objectives of fabricating a rainwater filter with a fog collector are successfully achieved and can be utilized by the villagers to obtain clean water and water supply.

AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC WALL MOUNTED HANGER RACK

JANE DANIELA MUGAN — 2023-12-31

With the Automatic Electric Wall Mounted Hanger Rack, users will no longer face issues with limited space or reaching and pulling out the suspension manually. The inclusion of an automatic electric controller simplifies the operation of the hanger rack. Durability is a key consideration, and the project addresses this by utilizing high-quality stainless-steel materials. This choice of material minimizes the risk of corrosion, ensuring the longevity of the hanger rack. To provide uninterrupted functionality, each user will be supplied with a 12V battery. This backup power source ensures that the hanger rack can still be used during electrical trips or blackouts. The assembly process of the project involves three main parts: the frame part, body part, and mechanism part. Various processes such as cutting, grinding, welding, drilling, and painting are employed to fabricate the hanger rack. In conclusion, the Automatic Electric Wall Mounted Hanger Rack project presents an innovative solution for drying clothes in small spaces. It can support a maximum load of 20 kg and features a rivet nut joint mechanism for smooth movement. The retractable design maximizes space utilization, and the automatic electric controller enhances user convenience. With high-quality stainless-steel construction and battery backup, this project aims to provide a durable and reliable solution for drying clothes in Malaysia.

CASE STUDY OF INVERTER AIR CONDITIONING LOGIC DURING OVERCHARGE REFRIGERANT

SYED AMIRUL MUSTAQIM SYED GHAZALI JALALULIN — 2023-12-31

Preventative maintenance is a vital process for all mechanical machines. Known as routine or scheduled maintenance, it can be derived as a servicing and inspection activity aimed to prevent equipment from malfunction. It is a critical process because it prevents any machines from facing a breakdown which will cause an operation interruption and disturbance. For residential air conditioning systems, routine maintenance must be performed based on the usage frequency where a higher usage means an increase in maintenance activity. There are several air conditioner system parameters that need to be monitored during the maintenance activity which include refrigerant charge pressure (psi), operation current (amp), voltage (V), indoor unit supply and return temperature (°C). However, for an inverter air conditioner, there are two additional parameters need to be considered which are temperature of the compressor (°C) and expansion valve opening frequency which is measured in pulse units (pls). However, these additional two parameters often been neglected which cause an overcharge of refrigerant level during an inverter air conditioner system maintenance activity. An overcharged refrigerant in an air conditioning system will cause a drop-in cooling capacity, increase energy consumption, and shorten the lifespan of the equipment. Main objective for this study is to observe parameter changes that occur on inverter air conditioners during an overcharge refrigerant state. The observed parameter includes compressor discharge temperature, expansion valve opening and compressor frequency. Finding a suitable air conditioner capacity done prior to the experiment starts by calculating the cooling load requirements for the experiment area. Once the cooling load is determined, the installation of an R32 inverter air conditioner takes place and observation for overcharge refrigerant data is recorded. During the experiment, the refrigerant is being pump into the system starting from 100% capacity until 140% capacity with 10% increment for each charge level. The average recorded data and the differences between each refrigerant charge level is calculated to determine the percentage change for all three parameters considered in this study. Based on this study, a 10% increase of refrigerant level in the system will cause a compressor discharge temperature to be reduce by 12%, a 32% reduced in refrigerant flow due to the closure of the expansion valve and the compressor frequency drops by 17%.

SELF RISING FLAG MACHINE

JANE DANIELA MUGAN — 2023-12-31

This paper presents a motorized flag-raising and lowering device that can be used in different settings such as public spaces, governmental buildings, and private residences. The device has a hollow flagpole with a storage compartment and a side exit port, a pulley at the top, and a drive wheel at the bottom. The flag is connected to the motorized assembly by a continuous halyard that runs through the pulley and the drive wheel. A reversible motor is housed in the assembly, which can be activated to lower the flag into the storage compartment and raise it for display. The device offers easy flag maintenance, adjustable speed rate, and reduced twisting of the flag strap. The research aims to solve the problems encountered during official flag assemblies in Malaysian schools, including the absence of students on duty, the flag not reaching the top of the flagpole, and twisting of the flag rope. To address this complex problem, a self-rising flag machine was created using a combination of simple machines such as polycarbonate, PVC, and remote-controlled car motors. The machine is portable, user-friendly, and can be easily controlled by a remote controller, reducing the time taken to prepare the flag during the assembly. Although the self-rising flag machine was initially designed for use in schools, it has the potential to be used in various settings, enhancing aesthetics, and providing convenience and safety features for flag maintenance. However, the machine has a limitation that it cannot be controlled at more than 20 meters from the machine, and the tension of the flag rope should be neither too tight nor too loose. Overall, this research offers a practical solution to the challenges faced during flag-raising ceremonies in different settings.

THE STUDY OF HYRROXYAPATITE IN CLAMSHELL TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF BRICKS

ALEXANDRIA GEORGE EMPAM — 2023-12-31

This study is to add hydroxyapatite in clamshell as an additive inside the concrete brick. The objective of this study is to determine that hydroxyapatite can help to produce better quality concrete bricks in terms of its strength and infiltration rate. The scope of research for these projects is the strength of the bricks and the infiltration rate after adding Hydroxyapatite, a comparison between burnt brick and brick that contain Hydroxyapatite which produces without burning it, the synthesis of calcium carbonate to calcium phosphate and the characteristic of the shell. The ratio of Hydroxyapatite in making a complete brick is 1:2:4:1. The ratio of cement, sand, aggregate, and water is fixed so that the product will not be disturbed by other mixtures while the ratio of Hydroxyapatite changed on each mold where mixture A 100 g HAp, B 200g HAp, C 300g HAp. It can be seen that bricks that contain HAp slurry in the range of 100g of HAp have a lower infiltration rate than concrete brick points that do not contain HAp while in terms of strength, bricks that contain HAp slurry have lower strength compared to the control brick point, but still within the target strength which in range of 43.94 N/mm²